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Moreover, antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in animal husbandry, including poultry production. Over-reliance on antibiotics for disease prevention and treatment in poultry can lead to the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria, complicating treatment options. As a result, the use of antibiotics should be judicious and limited to therapeutic purposes rather than prophylaxis. Integrated management practices, including the use of alternative therapies such as essential oils and plant extracts, are being explored to reduce reliance on traditional antibiotics while maintaining flock health.


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Diarrhea in cows can stem from a multitude of factors. These can be broadly categorized into infectious and non-infectious causes. Infectious causes often include pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. For instance, E. coli and Salmonella are bacteria that can lead to severe intestinal disturbances in cattle. Viral infections like Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) also play a pivotal role in causing dehydration and nutrient loss, particularly in young calves.


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paws dog vitamins