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The heat cycle in dogs typically occurs twice a year, although this can vary between breeds and individual dogs. It generally starts around six months of age but can also begin earlier or later depending on various factors. The heat cycle lasts approximately three weeks and consists of four stages proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and anestrus. During the proestrus stage, female dogs will exhibit signs such as swelling of the vulva, increased urination, and behavioral changes. Estrus is when they are in heat and are receptive to male dogs for breeding.


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veterinary drugs and their uses pdf

The responsible use of antibiotics is paramount in sheep farming. It is essential that farmers follow veterinary guidance when administering these drugs. The decision to use antibiotics should be based on a thorough diagnosis by a qualified veterinarian, who can determine the appropriate type and dosage of medication. Additionally, it is crucial to adhere to withdrawal periods, which refer to the time required after treatment before the sheep can be slaughtered or their milk can be sold. This ensures that antibiotic residues do not enter the food supply, thereby safeguarding public health.


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veterinary drugs and their uses pdf

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment available for Lumpy Skin Disease; however, there are several strategies that can mitigate its impact. Vaccination remains one of the most effective tools in managing and preventing LSD. Vaccines, such as live attenuated strains, have been developed and are widely used in regions prone to outbreaks. Vaccination not only protects individual animals but also contributes to herd immunity, reducing the overall incidence of the disease.


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veterinary drugs and their uses pdf