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BRD is multifactorial, meaning that it arises from various factors working in combination. Respiratory pathogens, such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni, often cause secondary infections following a viral infection, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Environmental factors like overcrowding, poor ventilation, sudden temperature changes, and inadequate nutrition can weaken the immune system of cattle, making them more susceptible to pneumonia.


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Amoxicillin is primarily prescribed for the treatment of a range of bacterial infections that affect animals. These may include respiratory infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal infections. The antibiotic works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacteria and the resolution of the infection. Its broad-spectrum action makes it effective against both Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria, which are often implicated in infections seen in veterinary cases.


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Moreover, nutrition plays a pivotal role in the health of chickens. Poultry veterinarians often collaborate with nutritionists to develop balanced diets that fulfill the dietary needs of chickens at different life stages. Proper nutrition not only supports optimal growth and egg production but also enhances the birds' immune response. Nutritional deficiencies can lead to various health problems, including poor feather development, reduced egg quality, and increased susceptibility to diseases.


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painkillers safe for dogs