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Gabapentin works by inhibiting certain neurotransmitters in the brain that are responsible for sending pain signals. Specifically, it binds to voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system, which reduces the release of excitatory neurotransmitters involved in pain perception. This mechanism allows dogs to experience decreased sensitivity to pain, making gabapentin particularly useful for conditions such as neuropathic pain, arthritis, and post-surgical discomfort.


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vitamins for older cats

Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting cellular membranes from oxidative damage. In cattle, sufficient levels of Vitamin E contribute to immune function, muscle development, and overall growth. It is particularly important during times of stress, such as calving, transportation, or feed changes, when oxidative stress can increase. Without adequate Vitamin E, cattle may show signs of muscle degeneration, weakness, and a reduced immune response, making them more susceptible to infections and illnesses.


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vitamins for older cats