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Vaccinations are one of the cornerstones of pet dog medicine. Vaccines help protect dogs from a variety of contagious and potentially fatal diseases, including distemper, parvovirus, rabies, and kennel cough. Puppies usually receive a series of vaccinations starting at six weeks old, while adult dogs require boosters to maintain immunity. Staying up-to-date on vaccinations not only protects your dog but also contributes to community health by preventing the spread of infectious diseases.


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thyroid medicine for horses

Udder swelling occurs when the mammary glands become inflamed due to infection, trauma, or other factors. The most common cause is bacterial infection, with pathogens such as *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Escherichia coli* being the primary culprits. Milking machine malfunctions, improper milking techniques, and poor hygiene practices can also exacerbate the risk of infection. Environmental stressors, nutritional deficiencies, and systemic diseases can further contribute to the swelling.


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thyroid medicine for horses