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Despite their benefits, the use of oral antibiotics is not without challenges. One major concern is the potential for antibiotic resistance, a significant issue not only in human medicine but also in veterinary practice. Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can promote the development of resistant bacteria, which can render certain treatments ineffective. This is particularly concerning in environments where cows are raised in close quarters, as bacteria can spread quickly among animals.


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vitamins for labrador puppy

BRD is multifactorial, meaning that it arises from various factors working in combination. Respiratory pathogens, such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni, often cause secondary infections following a viral infection, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Environmental factors like overcrowding, poor ventilation, sudden temperature changes, and inadequate nutrition can weaken the immune system of cattle, making them more susceptible to pneumonia.


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vitamins for labrador puppy

However, the use of growth medicines is not without its drawbacks. The over-reliance on antibiotics has raised concerns about antibiotic resistance, a critical public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the need to reduce antibiotic use in livestock to mitigate this threat. Moreover, the use of growth hormones in poultry is banned in many countries due to fears of health implications for consumers, including hormonal imbalances and other health issues.


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vitamins for labrador puppy