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Anti-expectorants primarily act by suppressing the cough reflex and reducing the viscosity of mucus. One of the most commonly used anti-expectorant agents is guaifenesin, which works by thinning the mucus in the airways, making it easier to clear through coughing. However, when excessive mucus production is not the primary concern and a cough needs to be suppressed, drugs like dextromethorphan are utilized. Dextromethorphan acts centrally in the brain to inhibit the cough reflex without affecting the respiratory rate or effort.


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classification of liquid dosage form

Common conditions that dog internists encounter include diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, liver dysfunction, and various autoimmune diseases. For instance, diabetes mellitus is becoming increasingly common in dogs, particularly in overweight or older pets. Symptoms may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, and lethargy. Diagnosis is typically made through blood and urine tests, and management often involves insulin therapy, dietary changes, and regular monitoring.


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classification of liquid dosage form