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Vaccinations are one of the cornerstones of pet dog medicine. Vaccines help protect dogs from a variety of contagious and potentially fatal diseases, including distemper, parvovirus, rabies, and kennel cough. Puppies usually receive a series of vaccinations starting at six weeks old, while adult dogs require boosters to maintain immunity. Staying up-to-date on vaccinations not only protects your dog but also contributes to community health by preventing the spread of infectious diseases.


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cattle calming drugs

Goats can contract pneumonia from pathogens such as Mannheimia hemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma spp. These bacteria can infect goats particularly when they face stress due to transportation, overcrowding, extreme weather conditions, or concurrent illnesses. Additionally, viral infections such as caprine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) can weaken the goat’s immune system, making them more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections, which often lead to pneumonia.


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cattle calming drugs