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Reptiles, including lizards, snakes, and turtles, have unique dietary requirements that can vary widely among species. Unlike mammals, reptiles cannot internally produce certain vitamins and minerals, necessitating external supplementation. Key nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D3, and other essential vitamins play vital roles in metabolism, digestion, and overall health. A deficiency in these nutrients can lead to various health issues, including metabolic bone disease, soft shell syndrome in turtles, and impaired growth in young reptiles.


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vitamin supplement for homemade dog food

Research is actively being conducted to explore these alternatives and to better understand the molecular mechanisms by which pathogenic E. coli strains cause disease. Identifying virulence factors that enable these bacteria to evade the host's immune response is pivotal. In addition, studies are focused on the use of bacteriophages—viruses that specifically infect bacteria—as a potential therapeutic option to target pathogenic E. coli strains.


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vitamin supplement for homemade dog food