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Excede®, which contains the active ingredient ceftiofur crystalline free acid, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic specifically designed for the treatment of bacterial respiratory disease in cattle. It is particularly effective against common pathogens such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni, which are often implicated in shipping fever and other respiratory infections that can plague cattle, especially during times of stress, such as transport or weaning.


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reptile multivitamin

Amoxicillin works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Specifically, it binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall. By interfering with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan layers, amoxicillin compromises the integrity of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death. This mechanism is particularly effective against actively dividing bacteria, making it a preferred choice for treating infections caused by organisms that are sensitive to penicillin.


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reptile multivitamin

When considering the use of hemostatic drugs in dogs, veterinarians must evaluate several factors, including the underlying cause of bleeding, the dog’s medical history, and overall health status. Certain pre-existing conditions, like liver disease or clotting disorders, may affect how a dog responds to these medications. Additionally, the choice of drug may differ depending on whether the bleeding is due to trauma, a surgical procedure, or a medical illness.


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reptile multivitamin