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Goats can contract pneumonia from pathogens such as Mannheimia hemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma spp. These bacteria can infect goats particularly when they face stress due to transportation, overcrowding, extreme weather conditions, or concurrent illnesses. Additionally, viral infections such as caprine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) can weaken the goat’s immune system, making them more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections, which often lead to pneumonia.


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mucolytic expectorant

In conclusion, dog internal medicine is a vital aspect of veterinary care that focuses on the precise needs of canine health. Understanding the functions and conditions related to internal medicine helps pet owners recognize warning signs and seek appropriate care for their furry companions. As our understanding of canine health continues to evolve, the role of internal medicine will undoubtedly expand, paving the way for even more tailored and effective treatment strategies for our beloved pets. Regular veterinary visits and open communication with your vet are crucial to maintaining a happy and healthy life for your dog.


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mucolytic expectorant