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To combat this issue, it is essential for farmers and veterinarians to adopt a judicious approach to antibiotic use. This includes accurate diagnosis, following dosing guidelines, and exploring alternative management practices such as improved nutrition and hygiene. Additionally, ongoing education and training for livestock producers about the responsible use of antibiotics can help ensure that these vital medications remain effective for future generations.


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liver tonic for cow

Udder swelling occurs when the mammary glands become inflamed due to infection, trauma, or other factors. The most common cause is bacterial infection, with pathogens such as *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Escherichia coli* being the primary culprits. Milking machine malfunctions, improper milking techniques, and poor hygiene practices can also exacerbate the risk of infection. Environmental stressors, nutritional deficiencies, and systemic diseases can further contribute to the swelling.


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liver tonic for cow