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BRD is multifactorial, meaning that it arises from various factors working in combination. Respiratory pathogens, such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni, often cause secondary infections following a viral infection, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Environmental factors like overcrowding, poor ventilation, sudden temperature changes, and inadequate nutrition can weaken the immune system of cattle, making them more susceptible to pneumonia.


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worm medicine for horses

Nutritional science has made remarkable strides as well, leading to better dietary formulations that cater to the specific needs of different dog breeds, ages, and health conditions. High-quality, nutritionally balanced dog food is essential to prevent obesity, which is a growing epidemic in canines. Veterinary nutritionists work alongside pet owners to develop tailored diets that promote optimal health, manage existing health issues, and even support recovery from illness.


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worm medicine for horses