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Despite its advantages, reliance on antibiotics like Pen-Strep is not without its challenges. Continuous use may mask underlying contamination issues, leading to a false sense of security. This means that some pathogens may survive the antibiotic treatment, further propagating issues down the line. Moreover, there is an increasing need within the scientific community to rethink the extensive use of antibiotics due to rising concerns over antibiotic resistance. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to implement rigorous aseptic techniques and limit the reliance on antibiotics whenever possible, reserving their use as a necessary precaution.


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meclizine for dogs

BRD is multifactorial, meaning that it arises from various factors working in combination. Respiratory pathogens, such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni, often cause secondary infections following a viral infection, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Environmental factors like overcrowding, poor ventilation, sudden temperature changes, and inadequate nutrition can weaken the immune system of cattle, making them more susceptible to pneumonia.


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meclizine for dogs