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BRD is multifactorial, meaning that it arises from various factors working in combination. Respiratory pathogens, such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni, often cause secondary infections following a viral infection, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Environmental factors like overcrowding, poor ventilation, sudden temperature changes, and inadequate nutrition can weaken the immune system of cattle, making them more susceptible to pneumonia.


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pet multivitamin

Like all medications, albendazole can have side effects. Common adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and headache. These side effects are usually mild and resolve after completing the course of medication. However, serious side effects, although rare, can occur and include liver enzyme elevations and other allergic reactions. Patients are advised to consult their healthcare provider if they experience any severe side effects or allergic symptoms like rash, itching, or difficulty breathing.


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pet multivitamin