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Poultry farming plays a significant role in the global food supply, providing a rich source of protein for millions of people. However, the health of poultry can be threatened by a variety of pathogens, among which Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most concerning. This bacterium, which is commonly found in the intestines of animals and humans, can lead to severe infections and diseases in poultry, impacting both animal health and economic profitability. Understanding E. coli in poultry and the associated medicinal approaches is essential for maintaining flock health and ensuring food safety.


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Anti-expectorants primarily act by suppressing the cough reflex and reducing the viscosity of mucus. One of the most commonly used anti-expectorant agents is guaifenesin, which works by thinning the mucus in the airways, making it easier to clear through coughing. However, when excessive mucus production is not the primary concern and a cough needs to be suppressed, drugs like dextromethorphan are utilized. Dextromethorphan acts centrally in the brain to inhibit the cough reflex without affecting the respiratory rate or effort.


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Liquid dosage forms include solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs. These forms are easy to swallow and are quickly absorbed by the body, making them suitable for patients who have difficulty with solid dosage forms. Solutions are clear liquids that contain one or more active ingredients dissolved in a liquid base. Suspensions are liquid dosage forms that contain solid particles suspended in a liquid base. Syrups are sweetened solutions that are easier to swallow, especially for pediatric patients. Elixirs are flavored solutions that are palatable and easy to administer.


classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms

classification

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