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Before implementing a treatment plan, a thorough assessment and diagnosis by a veterinarian are essential. This typically involves a comprehensive physical examination, along with diagnostic tools such as endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to ascertain the level of airway inflammation and to identify potential allergens. Once diagnosed, a tailored treatment strategy can be developed based on the severity of the condition and the specific triggers affecting the horse.


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BRD is multifactorial, meaning that it arises from various factors working in combination. Respiratory pathogens, such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni, often cause secondary infections following a viral infection, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Environmental factors like overcrowding, poor ventilation, sudden temperature changes, and inadequate nutrition can weaken the immune system of cattle, making them more susceptible to pneumonia.


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